https://boards.hellobee.com/ Pregnancy, Baby and Parenting blog, by Hellobee en Sun, 26 Apr 2026 14:29:14 +0000 https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/sox5-12p12-deletion#post-2911010 Sat, 29 Feb 2020 14:18:26 +0000 MoonMoon 2911010@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>Thank you for sharing! I was unfamiliar with the syndrome so your post gave me a chance to look it up. Do you feel that therapy will be helpful for your daughter? What therapies is she receiving? Does the diagnosis help you guys answer some questions or put some pieces of the puzzle together or is it more incidental to what you've already been doing for and with your daughter?</p> <p>Finally how's your girl doing? I wish your whole family the best :heart: </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/sox5-12p12-deletion#post-2910991 Sat, 29 Feb 2020 07:59:43 +0000 Ms.Mermaid 2910991@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>We got our whole exome results back and our daughter (16 months old) has a deletion of 12p12.1p11.22. She's missing KRAS, SOX5, and PTHLH. The named syndrome for a SOX5 deletion is Lamb-Shaffer Syndrome. Our neurodevelopmental pediatrician doesn't think anything about her therapies should change right now (weekly PT/OT/ST) , but I think she might benefit from more speech therapy. </p> <p>We pursued exome sequencing due to her acquired microcephaly and some concerning eye behavior we thought was seizures, as well as gross motor and speech delays. Her head ultrasound, EEG, and MRI were all unremarkable. </p> <p>Just posting in case this is helpful to anyone else who is dealing with similar issues. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/my-son-was-diagnosed-with-two-disorders#post-2899552 Mon, 14 Oct 2019 21:01:56 +0000 cyoung 2899552@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@mrsmacSLP: I’m very glad she did too. We still plan on having him evaluated for autism but for now this will help a ton. Our speech therapist is so sweet and even after one meeting I learned so much. We did speech through the state and it wasn’t very helpful unfortunately. However my son is talking more and more each day so right not is prime opportunity for therapy sessions. Hence the extra lessons. I’m just happy we are getting some where.<br /> @tigger223: my son is 3. Unfortunately our state only has 3 places that diagnose children and they all have a waiting list of a year. We’ve been waiting for a year. I’m trying the other two places. And working with referrals. They lost the last one. We do speech through the school system as well. Our new speech therapist is super nice and knows a lot. She vibes well with my son as well which is nice. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/my-son-was-diagnosed-with-two-disorders#post-2899542 Mon, 14 Oct 2019 18:52:11 +0000 mrsmacSLP 2899542@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>I am an SLP, in the schools and diagnose communication disorders as well. First, Those two diagnoses don’t define your child they help cover your child to get the therapy he needs. Second, you’re a wonderful mother for getting him the help he needs in all aspects of his life.</p> <p>The expressive and receptive language delay is fairly common. It just means he’s behind in what he understands and produces. Often, receptive is higher then expressive. </p> <p>Social/Pragmatic is the way he responds and acts with the world around him. I am very glad she picked to give him help in this area. Kindergarteners are often lacking in these skills because kindergarten is when kids should be learning them.</p> <p>I’m happy to answer any other questions! Keep up the good work! </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/my-son-was-diagnosed-with-two-disorders#post-2899397 Sat, 12 Oct 2019 09:56:57 +0000 tigger223 2899397@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>How old is your son? Have you considered having him evaluated by a developmental pediatrician?</p> <p>My son was diagnosed with these two disorders before he got an autism diagnosis. These disorders are easier to diagnose and give you a starting point for therapy, but you might want to see a developmental pediatrician as well. Our private speech therapist was tremendously helpful in helping our son communicate. He also got preschool through the school system (this varies by state, but you might want to check into the special education system in your state). </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/my-son-was-diagnosed-with-two-disorders#post-2899390 Sat, 12 Oct 2019 08:34:11 +0000 cyoung 2899390@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>Well my son (we’ll call him M) has been diagnosed with two disorders. We saw a speech pathologist that we are seeing as extra speech for my son. We pay for it through insurance. She had to do an evaluation to send to insurance and we got the results yesterday. We haven’t talked with her about them yet but I imagine next appointment we will.<br /> The first disorder is called “mixed respective and expressive language disorder” and the second is “social pragmatic communication disorder” </p> <p>It’s a lot to take in but I’m glad we are getting somewhere with answers. I always knew my son had more then just a speech delay. I’m happy we can finally get services. Idk what that may all include but we will see. </p> <p>Anyone else here if these disorders? </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2897146 Tue, 17 Sep 2019 11:14:21 +0000 magnolia 2897146@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@cyoung: just sending you hugs mama! I have a 4 year old boy with asd - level 1. I will say he has made soooo much progress from age 3-4, it’s a big stage of growth. I know how hard and scary it was for us at first but try to stay positive and hopeful because these kids will surprise you. </p> <p>I mentioned on your other post - we have trouble with transitions to. We use a daily schedule/plan with lots of visuals. I also give lots of hugs when. It seems he is having a hard time and sometimes I use homeopathic kids “rescue remedy”. Honestly his difficulty with transitions got worse as he became more verbal because he is able to (loudly) express what he is protesting against. He just doesn’t want to be told what to do which I also think is typical 3-4 year old behavior.... </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896986 Mon, 16 Sep 2019 05:35:16 +0000 cyoung 2896986@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>Thank you so much ladies!<br /> @Chuckles: we have some cards and stuff for visuals. I’ll have to see what his Moms Day Out will do for him. I’m not sure how they will work with him especially since it’s not a real school per-say. I just call it school cause it’s easier then saying moms day out every time. They do have some lessons like colors and story time. Also I bought a swing we just need to put it up. He also loves Blankets and soft things. </p> <p>@arosebyany: thank you! I’ll look into the group!! It’ll helpful to see what other moms do. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896981 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 21:29:38 +0000 arosebyany 2896981@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@Chuckles: thank you! :heart: </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896971 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 19:03:12 +0000 Chuckles 2896971@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@arosebyany: that's great that he's working on pecs. It's so fun to watch kids develop a way to communicate when they hadn't had once before. I know it can be hard if it's slow progress, but I'm sure he'll get there! </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896968 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 18:41:32 +0000 arosebyany 2896968@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@Chuckles: he has a pecs book. We’re in the process of getting him to differentiate between the pictures. So we’re at the preferred/non preferred stage. We spent a year and a half in ST where they attempted to get him to use sign, without progress. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896964 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 17:14:09 +0000 Chuckles 2896964@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@arosebyany: does your LO have a pecs book or aac device for communication? </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896960 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 16:24:56 +0000 arosebyany 2896960@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@crazydoglady: heyyyyy! Everybody is good here. Ds has been in ABA therapy for 35hrs a week for the last 8ish months. He’s made some really good progress, though he is still nonverbal. Receptive language and cognitive delays seem to be his biggest obstacles. Can you believe he’s almost 4?! It feels like a week ago I was on here asking about mspi issues lol. Hope y’all are doing well also. I think about this group a lot actually, but since ds is my one and only I tend to hang out on the other board. I check in from time to time though. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896958 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 15:23:18 +0000 Chuckles 2896958@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>I've been teaching kids on the spectrum for 10 years now. The biggest things that can help are visuals that show rules or guidelines for activities, visual schedules, ways to countdown to the end of an activity, physical or visual boundaries (if he's having a hard time staying in a designated area for an activity), and supporting communication with visuals. So basically, visuals and more visuals :) Plus figuring out his sensory needs and what works for him - chewies, weighted blankets, swinging, heavy work, etc.</p> <p>If you want to send me a message with more specifics, I'm happy to help you brainstorm. And if you Google autism and visuals, there are a million examples online to get you started. Also, the autism helper has a website with tons of info and ideas </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896955 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 13:04:39 +0000 crazydoglady 2896955@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@arosebyany: Hey, there! I hope you are well! How's your LO? :happy: </p> <p>@cyoung: I hope the new doctor helps to get the ball rolling! </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896951 Sun, 15 Sep 2019 09:26:03 +0000 arosebyany 2896951@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>So I never get on this forum anymore since my son was diagnosed almost two years ago. For some reason today though, something told me to come lurk lol. My ds doesn’t have issues with transitions. I actually hang out on another forum now for parents of autistic children. It may or may not be for you, but the ladies are very helpful and very supportive. They can pretty well answer any questions you have, if you want to check it out. If you have any general question, I’ll do my best to answer. 😁</p> <p><a href="https://community.babycenter.com/groups/a6635/children_with_autism_spectrum_disorder" rel="nofollow">https://community.babycenter.com/groups/a6635/children_with_autism_spectrum_disorder</a> </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/autsim-evaluation#post-2896821 Fri, 13 Sep 2019 07:45:04 +0000 cyoung 2896821@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>So my son is almost 3. We still are waiting on our evaluation. My doctor did send a referral to another place because the other is taking so dang long! I was just wondering if any of mommas have a child with autism or is on the spectrum. My husband and I (as well as his speech therapy teachers and his doctor) are pretty sure he will fall somewhere on the spectrum. I'm kinda at a loss in some areas with my son. He is so sweet but we struggle with a lot of things. My son struggling with transitioning to different tasks especially if he really wants to continue. He struggles with it at school. I guess I'm just looking for tips to resources and things I can do till we get evaluated. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895986 Mon, 02 Sep 2019 07:16:55 +0000 Baby Boy Mom 2895986@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@oskarsmommy: I answered on the other thread. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895958 Sun, 01 Sep 2019 18:07:51 +0000 oskarsmommy 2895958@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@Baby Boy Mom: hi! I want to hear about your experience with GAPS! Can you elaborate? </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895945 Sun, 01 Sep 2019 09:05:48 +0000 muffinsmuffins 2895945@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@cyoung: I’ve definitely come to realize how fortunate we are to live in a major city with a children’s hospital and many many resources. Our son was diagnosed with apraxia and we were able to find a private therapist that specializes in it as well as do the Hanan program through the children’s hospital that is specific to motor disorders. My best friend still lives in the town we grew up in and her son has major speech/possible spectrum issues and she has had tons of struggle similar to what you mention and it’s been stressful and not helpful so I really feel for you. Add in 2 more kids and just in general life and work, it’s overwhelming. </p> <p>I would just keep calling and pushing as best you can and really look into insurance coverage and time you can realistically give to appointments. I’m in Canada so it’s different but we had about an 8-10 month wait for evaluation through the public funded program and saw a private therapist until then. She immediately advised us to apply for a disability tax credit with we were approved for about a year later and got back pay. That helped immensely with the cost. Plus we got speech education referrals for DW and I to put through our work insurance as many sessions were parent teaching. This expanded our coverage to the 3 of us instead of maxing out quickly on DS’s coverage. In terms of time, we tried to set aside 15-30 mins per day to do the exercises with him but really it just had to be part of our interaction with him instead of extra time (and we only had one kid at that point!) and we did once a week speech, sometimes with PT and OT at the beginning. Then when we were going through the public program we would drop our private sessions and resume when it was done. We had blocks of therapy lasting 6-8 weeks then a break of a month or two.</p> <p>It sounds like you’re doing all you can and that’s all you can do. Waiting is so annoying so just keep on the referrals as best you can. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895944 Sun, 01 Sep 2019 08:37:54 +0000 cyoung 2895944@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@muffinsmuffins: I think honestly our speech teachers are not great. They don't use any tools or suggest boxes. They just kinda do few things with my son and they to get him to say stuff and then tell me thing I need to do at home. Sweet ladies but not great. We have had 3 due to two being pregnant and having to leave to have babies. It's been hard. I'll definitely look into the program. I've never heard of it but hopefully we have one. </p> <p>@Baby Boy Mom: I'll look into it. Thank you!</p> <p>@magnolia: we have only two places that do testing. One is a university and one is a therapist or whatever she is called. She does it through the local Easter seals. Right now we have an referral with the university but I've been told it can take months to be seen. But I'm calling Tuesday after the holiday to see what is going on. And im pretty sure insurance will cover speech. I think we will look into extra speech lessons cause our local therapy through early intervention is not great I've been learning.<br /> We do a moms day out program 2 times a week so he can get out and see other kids. I'm told his social skills are not the greatest cause he doesn't want to play with other kids. He likes to do his own thing. He also has trouble transitioning between tasks. Other then that he is pretty much a laid back kid. Most the time day to day living is great. He is super happy but when he struggles to get what he wants or I tell him no it's a huge melt down. We have PECS cards so maybe we can try that again. My therapist haven't tried those with us. </p> <p>@lady baltimore: my main stressors are just feeling like I'm not doing enough for him. I'm realizing that our therapy teachers are not so great and our state in the US is super slow when seeing kids and getting dignosed. I have 2 other kids. I have 3 under 3 including my son. It's just a lot sometime. I worry about the future for him as well. I think I'd feel better if we had a dignosed by now and we having the resources we needed. They dont have a ton where I live and no one really communicates about what should be happening or not for therapy. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895932 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 20:14:56 +0000 lady baltimore 2895932@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@cyoung: Hugs, Mama! You are doing great job, and I commend you for looking for all of the ways that you can support your son. I work with older students with disabilities, including autism and other speech delays, and having engaged parents willing to meet them where they are can make such a difference!</p> <p>Is your main concern feeling like you are losing time in getting him what he needs, or is it day-to-day struggles that are stressful for you? </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895928 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 19:51:26 +0000 magnolia 2895928@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@cyoung: oh also social stories! If there is a situation that is challenging for him or something new you want to work Into his routine you can make a story about it using words and pictures. For example my son is going to a new school and the teacher made a booklet with pictures of the school, the classroom and the teachers. You can individualize it to him and add pictures of him. Here’s a. Article with some examples<br /> <a href="https://www.speechandlanguagekids.com/social-stories-for-children-with-language-delays/" rel="nofollow">https://www.speechandlanguagekids.com/social-stories-for-children-with-language-delays/</a> </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895927 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 19:46:34 +0000 magnolia 2895927@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@cyoung: first of all, sending you hugs. I hear your frustration but it sounds like you are doing an amazing job by supporting your son </p> <p>My<br /> Son is 4.5 and has autism. He was diagnosed with early intervention at age 2.5 and the diagnosis was confirmed a year later at a center for autism. </p> <p>For us the diagnosis qualifies him for services and also let’s us have a better understanding of his strengths and challenges (for example he has difficulty with social interactions and transitions but he also taught himself how to read) </p> <p>Some ideas I had</p> <p>- does your insurance cover speech therapy, occupational therapy or a psychological evaluation?</p> <p>- are there are local universities or hospitals with evaluation programs? Many psychology departments have such programs. The evaluation to ask for is the ADOS </p> <p>Routine is also very important for my son. We use a daily<br /> Plan with pictures and words to help us<br /> (We use this one but you could make your own or just. A white board) <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Easy-Daysies-Starter-Original-Schedule/dp/B00GFN3ZYO/ref=asc_df_B00GFN3ZYO/?tag=hyprod-20&#038;linkCode=df0&#038;hvadid=380064534399&#038;hvpos=1o1&#038;hvnetw=g&#038;hvrand=2209962725622359850&#038;hvpone=&#038;hvptwo=&#038;hvqmt=&#038;hvdev=m&#038;hvdvcmdl=&#038;hvlocint=&#038;hvlocphy=9004405&#038;hvtargid=pla-448430135982&#038;psc=1&#038;tag=&#038;ref=&#038;adgrpid=79209955162&#038;hvpone=&#038;hvptwo=&#038;hvadid=380064534399&#038;hvpos=1o1&#038;hvnetw=g&#038;hvrand=2209962725622359850&#038;hvqmt=&#038;hvdev=m&#038;hvdvcmdl=&#038;hvlocint=&#038;hvlocphy=9004405&#038;hvtargid=pla-448430135982" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Easy-Daysies-Starter-Original-Schedule/dp/B00GFN3ZYO/ref=asc_df_B00GFN3ZYO/?tag=hyprod-20&#038;linkCode=df0&#038;hvadid=380064534399&#038;hvpos=1o1&#038;hvnetw=g&#038;hvrand=2209962725622359850&#038;hvpone=&#038;hvptwo=&#038;hvqmt=&#038;hvdev=m&#038;hvdvcmdl=&#038;hvlocint=&#038;hvlocphy=9004405&#038;hvtargid=pla-448430135982&#038;psc=1&#038;tag=&#038;ref=&#038;adgrpid=79209955162&#038;hvpone=&#038;hvptwo=&#038;hvadid=380064534399&#038;hvpos=1o1&#038;hvnetw=g&#038;hvrand=2209962725622359850&#038;hvqmt=&#038;hvdev=m&#038;hvdvcmdl=&#038;hvlocint=&#038;hvlocphy=9004405&#038;hvtargid=pla-448430135982</a></p> <p>Our former speech therapist also recommended cooking with him which he loves. We talk about each step as we do it and there is a sensory aspect also of smelling, tasting and<br /> Touching different textures</p> <p>We also have pictures of different people in our family and label them with out names and talk about them. Using visuals has really helped him </p> <p>How are his daily living skills ? Does he have the opportunity to socialize with other kids ? </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895913 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 13:27:17 +0000 Baby Boy Mom 2895913@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>Please look into the GAPS diet! I personally and many others I know have found it extremely helpful. Therapies are important but IMO if you can get to the root cause and heal the gut you will see improvement in a relatively short amount of time. (For us when I did it with my 4 year old we saw a night and day change in 6 months). Generally speaking the younger you start the easier it is to heal. Take your time learning and mentally preparing then dive in. It is a lifestyle change but it’s one of those things that we have come to see as a blessing in our life and our whole family is healthier for it. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895909 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 12:45:38 +0000 JennyPenny 2895909@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>When I was worried about my son’s speech I found this website/podcast very helpful <a href="https://teachmetotalk.com/" rel="nofollow">https://teachmetotalk.com/</a> She has resources for parents and SLPs and you can call her for a consultation as well. It’s not the same as being seen in person but it could be a way to get started while you wait. </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895908 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 12:41:45 +0000 muffinsmuffins 2895908@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>I can’t speak to the possible autism, but we did a lot of speech therapy from when DS was about 20 months to now (almost 5 and almost discharged from speech). When he was younger it was so hard to keep or get his attention so our SLP would actually keep things in clear boxes, bags, etc and DS would have to attempt the sound or whatever of the item he wanted in order to get it (maybe similar to the above link) We also bribed him with stickers, treats, etc. Until he gained confidence and didn’t need those. Our SLP always did a model of ‘try this...then get this’ so it was a reward system. Ie: which animal do you want in the bag? The cow? Let’s try: moo! And then for any attempt, even incorrect, he would get the cow. At first it was just to get him to respond with some vocalization, then she would fine tune it as he tolerated. Now, he can self correct and knows when it’s the wrong sounds. </p> <p>What about a speech board or iPad app that he can point to pictures of common things he needs, wants, etc? </p> <p>I never believed our SLP when she said that kids with speech/language difficulty know they are different and that they need to gain confidence in order to progress. But every time DS made a small improvement, things would explode until the next roadblock. We could go months at a time with no progression and it was super frustrating. Do you think the goals that you/the SLP are trying to achieve are too difficult for him? Does your SLP try lots of different techniques? Change things on the fly during the appointment depending on the kids mood? This was big. We worked with one public funded therapist that was very rigid and didn’t adapt to the kids likes and motivations and it was a total disaster. We ended up dropping out of the session because of the therapist. </p> <p>I would say until age 3/3.5 it was also a real crap shoot whether he would cooperate at speech or not so maybe your LO just isn’t there yet. Please don’t beat yourself up about it as it’s not your fault and you are not a failure. I get the panic of waiting but all you can do is the best you can for your child and advocate for them.</p> <p>ETA: have you looked into the Hanan programs? We did a few through our children’s hospital public program (which has a crazy wait time to get in) and they were helpful. There is one specific to autism as well <a href="http://www.hanen.org/Programs/For-Parents/More-Than-Words.aspx" rel="nofollow">http://www.hanen.org/Programs/For-Parents/More-Than-Words.aspx</a> </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895902 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 07:55:29 +0000 cyoung 2895902@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>@Mrs. Tiger: I didn't even know this was a thing but we will definitely try it!! I think this is perfect. He loves cars and toy animals and balls. Thank you so much! </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895901 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 07:48:43 +0000 Mrs. Tiger 2895901@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>Have you tried a speech box? My kids loved it and I had way more success engaging them with it than normal techniques. </p> <p><a href="https://www.hellobee.com/2015/08/10/diy-speech-therapy-in-a-box/" rel="nofollow">https://www.hellobee.com/2015/08/10/diy-speech-therapy-in-a-box/</a> </p> https://boards.hellobee.com/topic/speech-delay-and-possible-autism-tips#post-2895899 Sat, 31 Aug 2019 07:23:42 +0000 cyoung 2895899@https://boards.hellobee.com/ <p>My son is almost 3 and still is struggling with languge and speech. It's hard cause his speech teacher gives us suggestions to help him. However my son seems to do things when he wants to do them. It's hard to get him to say words or getting him to mimic sounds when some times he won't look at me when I call his name. He shows a lot of signs having autism. We are waiting to get him tested for autism but our state in the US takes forever to get kids seen. Ive been waiting for months and months. I feel defeated and like we are wasting precious time. Do any of you ladies have any suggestions or recommendations?. I'm lost here. His following direction skills are not good at all and he is really into routine. We struggle with communication. Every speech lesson I leave feeling I'm failing my son and it breaks my heart. I'm talking to his doctor about getting another referral to a different testing place at his next appointment which is in a month or less. </p>