From a NYT article: http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/04/12/opinion/sunday/raising-a-moral-child.html?_r=2&referrer

Main points:

-Praise the child, not the action when a child does the right thing. Age 8 seems to be the age that children may internalize these behaviors as part of their personality. Example: say, " how nice of you to share your snack. You are such a giving person", rather than "thank you for sharing your snack. Sharing is a great thing".

-discipline:
There is a difference between shame and guilt. As a parent, try not to shame a child by telling them they aren't a good person because _________. But don't swing the opposite way and forgo discipline altogether. Instead, teach your child to experience guilt by examining your disappointment in their behavior, why it's wrong, and what they can do to rectify the situation. Example: "I am really sad and upset that you took Landry's Barbie and broke it. I know she feels upset. How can you make her feel better? Should we give her one of your barbies?"

- finally, children internalize more about moral behavior by observing how you as the parent acts: if you are generous to others or you model moral behaviors, your children are more likely to follow suit than if you tell them to be generous but don't model it yourself.